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Python

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Python is a widely used, high-level programming language. Python tutorial and articles will help you learn Python with a help of high quality examples.

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Indentationerror Unindent Does Not Match Any Outer Indentation

2 minute read

Python indentationerror: unindent does not match any outer indentation level Solution

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

Indentation in Python is important, and it makes your code well structured and clean. Python uses indentation to define code blocks. You can use either tabs or spaces to indent…

Python Slice()

2 minute read

Python slice()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The slice() in Python is a built-in function that returns a slice object and slices any sequence such as string, tuple, list, bytes, range. slice() Syntax The syntax of the…

Python Dir()

3 minute read

Python dir()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The dir() method is an inbuilt function in Python which returns all the valid list of attributes and methods of any object. (functions, dict, list, string, tuple etc.) dir() Syntax …

Python Enumerate()

1 minute read

Python enumerate()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The enumerate() in Python is a built-in function that adds a counter as a key to an iterable object (list, tuple, etc.) and returns an enumerating object. enumerate() Syntax The…

Typeerror Unhashable Type 'List'

2 minute read

TypeError: unhashable type: ‘list’

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

TypeError: unhashable type: ‘list’ usually occurs when you use the list as a hash argument. In simple terms, if you use a list as a key in the dictionary, you…

Python Complex()

2 minute read

Python complex()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

Python complex() function takes real, imaginary numbers and strings as input and converts them into a complex number. This method takes two optional parameters (real and imaginary) and returns a…

Python Callable()

2 minute read

Python callable()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The callable() function in Python returns True if the object passed appears to be callable. Otherwise, it returns False. callable() Syntax The syntax of the callable() method is callable(object) callable()…

Python Bytearray()

2 minute read

Python bytearray()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

Python bytearray() function returns a bytearray object that means it converts an object into bytearray objects, which is an array of given bytes. The bytearray() method provides mutable sequence of…

Python Bytes()

3 minute read

Python bytes()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

Python bytes() function return an immutable byte-represented object of given size and data. The bytes() method provides immutable(cannot be changed) sequence of objects in the range of 0 <= x…

Python Divmod()

1 minute read

Python divmod()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The divmod() in Python is a built-in function that takes two numbers as input parameters and returns a pair of numbers (a tuple) consisting of their quotient and remainder. divmod()…

Python Bool()

1 minute read

Python bool()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

Python’s bool() function converts a given value into Boolean(True or False) using the standard truth testing procedure. bool() Syntax The syntax of bool() method is bool([value]) bool() Parameters The bool()…

Python Bin()

2 minute read

Python bin()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The bin() is a built-in function in Python that takes an integer and returns the binary equivalent of the integer in string format. If the given input is not an…

Python Ascii()

2 minute read

Python ascii()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The ascii() in Python is a built-in function that returns a printable and readable version of any object such as Strings, Tuples, Lists, etc. The ascii() function will escape the…

Python All()

3 minute read

Python all()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The all() function in Python returns True if all the element of an iterable(List, set, dictionary, tuple) is True. If not, it returns False. The all() method returns True if the iterable object is empty. all() Syntax The…

Python Any()

2 minute read

Python any()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The any() function in Python returns True if any element of an iterable(List, set, dictionary, tuple) is True. If not, it returns False. any() Syntax The syntax of any() method…

Python Abs()

2 minute read

Python abs()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The abs() function in Python returns the absolute value of a given number, which means the abs() method removes the negative sign of a number. If the given number is…

Python Urllib.error.httperror Http Error 403 Forbidden

2 minute read

Python urllib.error.httperror: http error 403: forbidden

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The urllib.error.httperror: http error 403: forbidden occurs when you try to scrap a webpage using urllib.request module and the mod_security blocks the request. There are several reasons why you get this error.…

Python Compare Strings A Step-By-Step Guide

2 minute read

Python Compare Strings: A Step-By-Step Guide

Srinivas Ramakrishna
November 24, 2021

In Python the strings are compared with == and != operators. These operators compare if the two given strings are equal or not and return true or false based on…

How To Find Square Root In Python

2 minute read

How to find Square Root in Python?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

In this article, you will be learning how to find square roots in Python and what are the popular square root functions in Python. What is a Square root? Square…

How To Rename A File In Python

2 minute read

How to Rename a file in Python?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The os module in Python comes in handy in performing any file operations such as reading a file, writing into a file etc.. The rename() method is used to rename…

How To Get File Size In Python

3 minute read

How to Get File Size in Python?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

There are different ways to get file size in Python. We will be using the os module and the pathlib module to check the file size. OS module in Python…

Python Program To Measure The Elapsed Time In Python

2 minute read

Python Program to Measure the Elapsed Time in Python

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

There are multiple ways to measure the elapsed time in Python. The modules that are available are time, timeit, and Datetime to measure elapsed time. Using time Module We can use the time module…

Python Write Text File

4 minute read

Python Write Text File

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

Python provides built-in functions to perform file operations, such as creating, reading, and writing files. There are mainly two types of files that Python can handle, normal text files and…

How To Filter List Elements In Python

2 minute read

How to Filter List Elements in Python?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The filter() method filters the given sequence of elements with the help of a function that tests each element in the sequence to be true or not. Syntax: filter(function, sequence)…

Python Read Text File

4 minute read

Python Read Text file

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

Python provides built-in functions to perform file operations, such as creating, reading, and writing files. There are mainly two types of files that Python can handle, normal text files and…

Python String Isalpha()

1 minute read

Python String isalpha()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

Python string isalpha() method is mainly used to check if the string is the alphabet or not. The isalpha() method returns true if all the characters in the string are…

Python Trim String Strip() Vs Rstrip() Vs Lstrip()

2 minute read

Python Trim String – rstrip(), lstrip(), strip()

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

Python provides three methods to trim the whitespaces from the string object. Let’s take a look at each of these functions in detail with examples. Difference between strip() vs rstrip()…

How To Get Current Directory In Python

2 minute read

How to get current directory in Python?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

In this article, we will take a look at how to get current directory in Python. The current directory is nothing but your working directory from which your script is…

Python Chr() A Step-By-Step Guide

1 minute read

Python chr(): A Step-By-Step Guide

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The chr() function takes an integer (representing Unicode) as an input argument and returns a string representing a character. Syntax – chr(num) Parameter and Return Value The chr() function can…

Python Ord() A Step-By-Step Guide

2 minute read

Python ord(): A Step-By-Step Guide

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

In Python ord() function accepts a single unit of character and returns the equivalent Unicode code value of the passed argument. In other words, the ord() function can take a…

Typeerror List Indices Must Be Integers Or Slices, Not Tuple

Python

2 minute read

TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not tuple

Srinivas Ramakrishna
November 24, 2021

If you are accessing the list elements in Python, you need to access it using its index position. If you specify a tuple or a list as an index, Python…

How To Copy A File In Python

3 minute read

How to Copy a File in Python?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

We can copy a file in Python using shutil, os, and subprocess modules. Let’s take a look at each of these modules and the functions it has with examples. Modules…

How To Create A Directory In Python

3 minute read

How to Create a Directory in Python?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

The os module is a built-in utility available in both Python 2 and 3 versions, and it provides functions to interact easily with the operating system. The os and os.path modules provide…

Convert String To Float In Python

2 minute read

Convert String to Float in Python

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

In this tutorial, we will take a look at how to convert string to float in Python. Convert string to float in Python Usually, in Python, the user input that…

How To Replace Characters In A String In Python

1 minute read

How to replace characters in a string in Python?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

If you are looking for replacing instances of a character in a string, Python has a built-in replace() method which does the task for you. The replace method replaces each matching occurrence…

Python - List Files In A Directory

2 minute read

Python – List Files in a Directory

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

There are several modules available in Python to list files in a directory or folder. Some of the popular ones we can use are os, pathlib, glob, fnmatch, etc. This…

Python Convert Bytes To String

2 minute read

Python Convert Bytes to String

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

In this tutorial, we will take a look at how to convert bytes to string in Python. We can convert bytes to string using the below methods Using decode() method…

Xor In Python

1 minute read

XOR in Python

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

XOR Operator in Python is also known as “exclusive or” that compares two binary numbers bitwise if two bits are identical XOR outputs as 0 and when two bits are different then…

Python Reverse A List A Step-By-Step Tutorial

2 minute read

Python Reverse a List: A Step-by-Step Tutorial

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

Reversing a list is a common requirement in any programming language. In this tutorial, we will learn the effective way to reverse a list in Python. There are 3 ways…

Python Delete File - Step-By-Step Guide

3 minute read

Python Delete File – Step-by-Step Guide

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

Python has several built-in modules that allow you to delete a file or remove directories. This tutorial is a step-by-step guide to remove a file or directory using 3 different…

Importerror Attempted Relative Import With No Known Parent Package

Python

3 minute read

ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package

Srinivas Ramakrishna
November 24, 2021

Module imports sometimes can cause too much frustration if you are a Python beginner. This tutorial will learn how imports work and the solution for ImportError: attempted relative import with…

Typeerror String Indices Must Be Integers

Python

2 minute read

TypeError: string indices must be integers

Srinivas Ramakrishna
November 24, 2021

In Python, the iterable objects are indexed using numbers. If you try to access the iterable objects using string, you will get typeerror: string indices must be integers. Python TypeError:…

Typeerror Unhashable Type 'Dict'

Python

2 minute read

TypeError: unhashable type: ‘dict’

Srinivas Ramakrishna
November 24, 2021

In Python, all the dictionary keys must be hashable, so if you use any unhashable key type while adding a key into the dictionary, you will encounter TypeError: unhashable type: ‘dict’…

How To Get File Extension In Python

2 minute read

How to get file extension in Python?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

In Python, we can extract the file extension using two approaches. Let’s take a look at each of these with examples. Python get file extension using os module splitext() function…

How To Check And Print Python Version

1 minute read

How to Check and Print Python Version?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

In this tutorial, you will learn how to print the version of the current Python installation from the script. Print Python Version using sys Module The sys module comes as…

Indexerror Too Many Indices For Array

Python

2 minute read

IndexError: too many indices for array

Srinivas Ramakrishna
November 24, 2021

The indexerror: too many indices for an array means that you have a declared an array in a different dimension and trying to index it in another dimension. For example,…

How To Get Hostname In Python

2 minute read

How to get hostname in Python?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

There are several ways to get a hostname in Python. The most popular and convenient way is to use the socket module, which provides the BSD socket interface. It’s available…

How To Generate A Random String Of A Given Length In Python

2 minute read

How to Generate a random string of a given length in Python?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

In Python, Generating a random string is pretty straightforward. However, there are scenarios where we need to generate a random string that includes alphanumeric characters for a strong password. There…

Typeerror 'Module' Object Is Not Callable

Python

2 minute read

TypeError: ‘module’ object is not callable

Srinivas Ramakrishna
November 24, 2021

Python throws TypeError: ‘module’ object is not callable when you get confused between the class name and module name. There are several reasons why this might happen while coding. Let’s…

How To Round To Two Decimals In Python

2 minute read

How to round to two decimals in Python?

Srinivas Ramakrishna
August 20, 2022

This tutorial will learn how to round to two decimals in Python using round() and format() methods. Round to two decimals in Python When you deal with mathematical calculations in…